Pengaruh Risiko Likuiditas dan Risiko Kredit terhadap Capital Adequacy Ratio dengan Bank Size sebagai Variabel Moderasi pada Bank BUMN Indonesia
Abstract
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR), dan Non-Performing Loan (NPL) terhadap Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) dengan Bank Size sebagai variabel moderasi pada bank Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) di Indonesia periode 2018–2022. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode explanatory research. Sampel terdiri atas empat bank BUMN, yaitu PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk, PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, dan PT Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk. Data panel sebanyak 20 observasi dianalisis menggunakan regresi data panel dan Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) dengan perangkat lunak EViews 12. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial LDR, LCR, dan NPL tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap CAR. Namun, secara simultan ketiga variabel tersebut berpengaruh signifikan terhadap CAR dengan nilai Adjusted R² sebesar 50,37%. Hasil pengujian moderasi menunjukkan bahwa Bank Size tidak memoderasi hubungan antara LDR, LCR, dan NPL terhadap CAR. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kecukupan modal bank BUMN lebih dipengaruhi oleh strategi pengelolaan risiko, kebijakan permodalan, dan faktor internal lainnya dibandingkan ukuran aset bank. Penelitian ini memberikan bukti empiris mengenai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kecukupan modal serta memperkaya literatur manajemen risiko pada industri perbankan Indonesia.
Kata kunci: Capital Adequacy Ratio, Loan to Deposit Ratio, Liquidity Coverage Ratio, Non-Performing Loan, Bank Size, Bank BUMN.
Abstract
This study examines the effects of the Loan-to-Deposit Ratio (LDR), Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR), and Non-Performing Loan (NPL) on the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), with Bank Size serving as a moderating variable in Indonesian state-owned commercial banks during the 2018–2022 period. A quantitative explanatory research design was employed using balanced panel data obtained from four state-owned banks, comprising 20 firm-year observations. The data were analyzed using panel data regression and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with EViews 12 software. The findings reveal that, individually, LDR, LCR, and NPL do not have a statistically significant effect on CAR. However, the three variables jointly exert a significant influence on CAR, with an adjusted R² of 50.37%, indicating that the model explains more than half of the variation in banks' capital adequacy. Furthermore, the moderation analysis demonstrates that Bank Size does not significantly moderate the relationships between LDR, LCR, NPL, and CAR. These findings suggest that the capital adequacy of Indonesian state-owned commercial banks is influenced more by risk management practices, capital management policies, and other internal organizational factors than by bank size. This study contributes to the banking literature by providing empirical evidence on the determinants of capital adequacy and evaluating the moderating role of Bank Size within the context of Indonesian state-owned banks.
Keywords: Capital Adequacy Ratio; Loan-to-Deposit Ratio; Liquidity Coverage Ratio; Non-Performing Loan; Bank Size; State-Owned Commercial Banks.
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