Peran Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi dan Motivasi Pelayanan Publik Dalam Meningkatkan Perilaku Proaktif Pegawai
Abstract
Perilaku positif pegawai dalam bekerja sangat penting dalam menunjang keberhasilan pencapaian tujuan organisasi, tidak terkecuali pada organisasi publik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji bagaimana peran persepsi dukungan organisasi dan motivasi pelayanan publik dalam meningkatkan perilaku proaktif pegawai negeri sipil pada organisasi publik di area Bandung. Penggunaan metode kuantitatif dalam penelitian ini ditetapkan mempertimbangkan tujuan penelitian yang bersifat kausalitas dan menguji tentang determinan terpenting dari perilaku proaktif. Sebanyak 76 responden yang berpartisipasi pada penelitian ini menjadi sampel penelitian yang ditentukan dengan cara purposive dengan kurun waktu pengumpulan data selama satu bulan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga jalur pengaruh yang diuji dalam model penelitian ini ditemukan signifikan. Terungkap bahwa persepsi dukungan organisasi merupakan determinan terpenting dalam meningkatkan motivasi pelayanan publik, sementara motivasi pelayanan publik diketahui sebagai hal yang mempunyai pengaruh dominan dalam meningkatkan perilaku proaktif pegawai yang bekerja di organisasi publik. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan pentingnya motivasi pelayanan publik dalam memperkuat dampak dari dukungan organisasi yang dirasakan pegawai untuk meningkatkan perilaku proaktif di tempat kerja.
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References
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Agustina, I., Rindiani, B., Dellarosa, A., Gunawan, A. A., & Herdiana, S. (2022). How Well are Job Burnout and Engagement Related to Public Service Motivation Among Civil Servants ? Empirical Evidence in Pandemic Setting. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Advantage, 6(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.30741/adv.v6i1.828
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Aselage, J., & Eisenberger, R. (2003). Perceived organizational support and psychological contracts: A theoretical integration. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(SPEC. ISS.), 491–509. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.211
Borst, R. T., Kruyen, P. M., & Lako, C. J. (2017). Exploring the Job Demands – Resources Model of Work Engagement in Government : Bringing in a Psychological Perspective. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X17729870
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Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An Interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
Dharmanegara, I. B. A., Harijanto, D., Jamaluddin, M. R., & Agustina, I. (2023). Mengeksplorasi Dimensi Perilaku Inovatif PNS : Sebuah Studi Empiris di Kabupaten Badung. Image : Jurnal Riset Manajemen, 11(2), 269–282.
Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D., & Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.42
Eisenberger, R., Shanock, L. R., & Wen, X. (2020). Perceived Organizational Support : Why Caring About Employees Counts. Annual Review OfOrganizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7, 101–124.
Guswandi, G., Nursyamsi, I., Sumardi, S., & Hardiyono, H. (2020). Improving Performance: Motivation of Public Service Officers and their Commitment. Hasanuddin Journal of Business Strategy, 2(2), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.26487/hjbs.v2i2.332
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Harijanto, D., Dharmanegara, I. B. A., Pradesa, H. A., & Tanjung, H. (2022). Do Distributive Justice Really Make Public Officers Feels More Obligated in Their Job ? Innovation Business Management and Accounting Journal, 1(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.56070/ibmaj.v1i1.1
Hidayati, N., & Sunaryo, H. (2019). The effect of public service motivation on job performance through satisfaction and commitment: case of public officer in immigration office malang. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 7(1), 1–16.
Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., & Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived Organizational Support: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Organizational Support Theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1854–1884. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315575554
Maulina, A. R., & Wicaksono, D. A. (2021). Pengaruh Work Overload dan Perceived Organizational Support dengan Job Stress Pegawai Bank di Masa Pandemi. Buletin Riset Psikologi Dan Kesehatan Mental (BRPKM), 1(1), 797–809. https://doi.org/10.20473/brpkm.v1i1.26952
Nazir, S., Qun, W., Hui, L., & Shafi, A. (2018). Influence of Social Exchange Relationships on Affective Commitment and Innovative Behavior : Role of Perceived Organizational Support. Sustainability, 10(12), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124418
Parker, S. K., & Collins, C. G. (2010). Taking stock: Integrating and differentiating multiple proactive behaviors. Journal of Management, 36(3), 633–662. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308321554
Parker, S. K., & Liao, J. (2016). Wise proactivity: How to be proactive and wise in building your career. Organizational Dynamics, 45(3), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.07.007
Perry, J. L., Hondeghem, A., & Wise, L. R. (2010). Revisiting the Motivational Bases of Public Service : Twenty Years of Research and an Agenda for the Future Symposium. Public Administration Review, 70(5), 681–690. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.8.5.549
Perry, J. L., & Wise, L. R. (1990). The Motivational Bases of Public Service. Public Administration Review, 50(3), 367–373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2005.00466.x
Petrovsky, N., & Ritz, A. (2014). Public service motivation and performance: a critical perspective. Evidence-Based HRM, 2(1), 57–79. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-07-2013-0020
Pradesa, H. A., Dawud, J., & Affandi, M. N. (2019). Mediating Role of Affective Commitment in The Effect of Ethical Work Climate on Felt Obligation Among Public Officers. JEMA: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 16(2), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.31106/jema.v16i2.2707
Pradesa, H. A., Tanjung, H., Agustina, I., & Salleh, N. S. N. M. (2023). Increasing Proactive Work Behavior Among Teachers in Islamic Senior High School: The Role of Ethical Work Climate and Perceived Organizational Support. International Journal of Islamic Educational Psychology, 4(2), 244–260. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijiep.v4i2.19911
Pratama, A. B., & Nurhidayah, A. (2019). Does Public Service Motivation Matter to Employees’ Performance and Organizational Commitment in Sub-district Offices? JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan Dan Administrasi Publik), 23(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkap.37913
Putranto, R. A., Dawud, J., Pradesa, H. A., Harijanto, D., & Dharmanegara, I. B. A. (2022). Manajemen Talenta Pada Sektor Publik : Sebuah Studi Literatur Serta Arah Model Kajian Untuk Masa Depan. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Profesional, 3(2), 176–211.
Putranto, R. A., Setiajatnika, E., & Fahmi, I. (2018). The Effect of Public Service Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Public Officers’ Performance through Commitment. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(12), 1422–1435. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i12/5247
Rany, Y., & Tyas, A. A. W. P. (2024). Implementasi dan Pengaruh Transformasi Budaya Kerja Aparatur Sipil Negara Melalui Pengaturan Kerja Fleksibel. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen (JEKMa) IMPLEMENTASI, 28(5), 54–61.
Schwarz, G., Eva, N., & Newman, A. (2020). Can Public Leadership Increase Public Service Motivation and Job Performance? Public Administration Review, 80(4), 543–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13182
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2013). Research Methods for Business A Skill-Building Approach - Sixth Edition. Wiley & Sons.
Strauss, K., & Parker, S. K. (2018). Intervening to Enhance Proactivity in Organizations: Improving the Present or Changing the Future. Journal of Management, 44(3), 1250–1278. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315602531
Tanjung, H., Salleh, N. S. N. M., & Pradesa, H. A. (2023). Mediating Role of Public Service Motivation in Enhancing the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Felt Obligation and Affective Commitment. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 7(4), 864–875. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijssb.v7i4.49540
Utami, I. R., Putranto, R. A., & Agustina, I. (2022). Strengthening Public Service Motivation with Spiritual Leadership : An empirical Study of Public Organizations in East Java. Wiga : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(4), 338–351.
Wicaksono, K. W. (2019). Transforming The Spirit Of New Public Service Into Public Management Reform In Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Publik, 2(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.24198/jmpp.v2i1.20190
Agustina, I., Pradesa, H. A., & Putranto, R. A. (2021). Peran Dimensi Motivasi Pelayanan Publik Dalam Meningkatkan Komitmen Afektif Pegawai. JEMAP: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi, Dan Perpajakan, 4(2), 218–235. https://doi.org/10.24167/jemap.v4i2.3237
Agustina, I., Rindiani, B., Dellarosa, A., Gunawan, A. A., & Herdiana, S. (2022). How Well are Job Burnout and Engagement Related to Public Service Motivation Among Civil Servants ? Empirical Evidence in Pandemic Setting. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Advantage, 6(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.30741/adv.v6i1.828
Apipudin, A., Sindrawati, S., & Abdullah, M. S. (2023). Peran Motivasi Pelayanan Publik Serta Keterikatan Dengan Pekerjaan Dalam Mendorong Perilaku Proaktif Pegawai Kecamatan Cileunyi Kabupaten Bandung Apipudin. Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal, 4(3), 2334–2345.
Aselage, J., & Eisenberger, R. (2003). Perceived organizational support and psychological contracts: A theoretical integration. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(SPEC. ISS.), 491–509. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.211
Borst, R. T., Kruyen, P. M., & Lako, C. J. (2017). Exploring the Job Demands – Resources Model of Work Engagement in Government : Bringing in a Psychological Perspective. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X17729870
Caesens, G., Marique, G., Hanin, D., & Stinglhamber, F. (2016). The relationship between perceived organizational support and proactive behaviour directed towards the organization. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25(3), 398–411. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2015.1092960
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An Interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
Dharmanegara, I. B. A., Harijanto, D., Jamaluddin, M. R., & Agustina, I. (2023). Mengeksplorasi Dimensi Perilaku Inovatif PNS : Sebuah Studi Empiris di Kabupaten Badung. Image : Jurnal Riset Manajemen, 11(2), 269–282.
Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D., & Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.1.42
Eisenberger, R., Shanock, L. R., & Wen, X. (2020). Perceived Organizational Support : Why Caring About Employees Counts. Annual Review OfOrganizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7, 101–124.
Guswandi, G., Nursyamsi, I., Sumardi, S., & Hardiyono, H. (2020). Improving Performance: Motivation of Public Service Officers and their Commitment. Hasanuddin Journal of Business Strategy, 2(2), 51–56. https://doi.org/10.26487/hjbs.v2i2.332
Hanif, R., & Narjono, A. I. (2015). Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perilaku Kerja Positif Melalui Kepuasan Kerja (Studi Pada PT Pos Indonesia Malang Jawa Timur). Jurnal Ilmiah Bisnis Dan Ekonomi Asia, 9(2), 48–53.
Harijanto, D., Dharmanegara, I. B. A., Pradesa, H. A., & Tanjung, H. (2022). Do Distributive Justice Really Make Public Officers Feels More Obligated in Their Job ? Innovation Business Management and Accounting Journal, 1(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.56070/ibmaj.v1i1.1
Hidayati, N., & Sunaryo, H. (2019). The effect of public service motivation on job performance through satisfaction and commitment: case of public officer in immigration office malang. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics, 7(1), 1–16.
Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., & Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived Organizational Support: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Organizational Support Theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1854–1884. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315575554
Maulina, A. R., & Wicaksono, D. A. (2021). Pengaruh Work Overload dan Perceived Organizational Support dengan Job Stress Pegawai Bank di Masa Pandemi. Buletin Riset Psikologi Dan Kesehatan Mental (BRPKM), 1(1), 797–809. https://doi.org/10.20473/brpkm.v1i1.26952
Nazir, S., Qun, W., Hui, L., & Shafi, A. (2018). Influence of Social Exchange Relationships on Affective Commitment and Innovative Behavior : Role of Perceived Organizational Support. Sustainability, 10(12), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124418
Parker, S. K., & Collins, C. G. (2010). Taking stock: Integrating and differentiating multiple proactive behaviors. Journal of Management, 36(3), 633–662. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308321554
Parker, S. K., & Liao, J. (2016). Wise proactivity: How to be proactive and wise in building your career. Organizational Dynamics, 45(3), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2016.07.007
Perry, J. L., Hondeghem, A., & Wise, L. R. (2010). Revisiting the Motivational Bases of Public Service : Twenty Years of Research and an Agenda for the Future Symposium. Public Administration Review, 70(5), 681–690. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.8.5.549
Perry, J. L., & Wise, L. R. (1990). The Motivational Bases of Public Service. Public Administration Review, 50(3), 367–373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2005.00466.x
Petrovsky, N., & Ritz, A. (2014). Public service motivation and performance: a critical perspective. Evidence-Based HRM, 2(1), 57–79. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-07-2013-0020
Pradesa, H. A., Dawud, J., & Affandi, M. N. (2019). Mediating Role of Affective Commitment in The Effect of Ethical Work Climate on Felt Obligation Among Public Officers. JEMA: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 16(2), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.31106/jema.v16i2.2707
Pradesa, H. A., Tanjung, H., Agustina, I., & Salleh, N. S. N. M. (2023). Increasing Proactive Work Behavior Among Teachers in Islamic Senior High School: The Role of Ethical Work Climate and Perceived Organizational Support. International Journal of Islamic Educational Psychology, 4(2), 244–260. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijiep.v4i2.19911
Pratama, A. B., & Nurhidayah, A. (2019). Does Public Service Motivation Matter to Employees’ Performance and Organizational Commitment in Sub-district Offices? JKAP (Jurnal Kebijakan Dan Administrasi Publik), 23(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkap.37913
Putranto, R. A., Dawud, J., Pradesa, H. A., Harijanto, D., & Dharmanegara, I. B. A. (2022). Manajemen Talenta Pada Sektor Publik : Sebuah Studi Literatur Serta Arah Model Kajian Untuk Masa Depan. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Profesional, 3(2), 176–211.
Putranto, R. A., Setiajatnika, E., & Fahmi, I. (2018). The Effect of Public Service Motivation and Job Satisfaction on Public Officers’ Performance through Commitment. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(12), 1422–1435. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i12/5247
Rany, Y., & Tyas, A. A. W. P. (2024). Implementasi dan Pengaruh Transformasi Budaya Kerja Aparatur Sipil Negara Melalui Pengaturan Kerja Fleksibel. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen (JEKMa) IMPLEMENTASI, 28(5), 54–61.
Schwarz, G., Eva, N., & Newman, A. (2020). Can Public Leadership Increase Public Service Motivation and Job Performance? Public Administration Review, 80(4), 543–554. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13182
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2013). Research Methods for Business A Skill-Building Approach - Sixth Edition. Wiley & Sons.
Strauss, K., & Parker, S. K. (2018). Intervening to Enhance Proactivity in Organizations: Improving the Present or Changing the Future. Journal of Management, 44(3), 1250–1278. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315602531
Tanjung, H., Salleh, N. S. N. M., & Pradesa, H. A. (2023). Mediating Role of Public Service Motivation in Enhancing the Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Felt Obligation and Affective Commitment. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 7(4), 864–875. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijssb.v7i4.49540
Utami, I. R., Putranto, R. A., & Agustina, I. (2022). Strengthening Public Service Motivation with Spiritual Leadership : An empirical Study of Public Organizations in East Java. Wiga : Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Ekonomi, 12(4), 338–351.
Wicaksono, K. W. (2019). Transforming The Spirit Of New Public Service Into Public Management Reform In Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Publik, 2(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.24198/jmpp.v2i1.20190
Published
2025-12-14
How to Cite
Putranto, R. A., Agustina, I., & Bahagia, R. (2025). Peran Persepsi Dukungan Organisasi dan Motivasi Pelayanan Publik Dalam Meningkatkan Perilaku Proaktif Pegawai. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Penelitian Akuntansi (JUMPA), 18(2), 360-368. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58431/jumpa.v18i2.294
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Articles
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